Peer-reviewed study published in COPD (Lead: de-Torres JP, PMID: 42980248). Investigates molecular aging mechanisms and translational longevity interventions in Targeting Accelerated Aging in COPD: The AMICO (A Trial of Metformin In COpd) Trial Design.
This clip is from episode #344 - AMA #70: Nicotine: impact on cognitive function, performance, and mood, health risks, delivery ...
OpenAI has developed a specialized AI model that successfully redesigned Nobel Prize-winning proteins to reverse cellular aging ...
The next 10 years may add decades to human lifespan by compressing the time it takes to understand, treat, and prevent disease.
Ketone IQ: Visit https://ketone.com/IMPACT for 30% OFF your subscription order AT&T Business: Switch to AT&T Business at ...
This preview is from this week's new episode of The Drive (# 272), Rapamycin: potential longevity benefits, surge in popularity, ...
Abstract: Aging is the single greatest risk factor for most chronic diseases, yet historically it has not been treated as a modifiable ...
Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://bit.ly/4c602k2 Become a member to receive exclusive content: ...
The Key To Longevity? Introduction To Sirtuins | Metabolism, Inflammation and Aging Sirtuins are deacetylase enzymes that have ...
To join our community at StayCurious Metabolism, a best-selling science newsletter on Substack, link: ...
Guest: Christin Glorioso, MD. Ph.D. Creator of the Younger Biological Aging Contest, Founder & CEO of NeuroAge Therapeutics ...
Life Biosciences just dosed the first human patient with ER-100 — an OSK gene therapy built from three Yamanaka factors, ...
Scientists have discovered SB000, a single gene that reverses cellular aging by 13.6 years - matching or exceeding the ...
How do aging biomarkers actually work — and which ones matter right now? In this episode, Dr. Jared Pelo sits down with Matt ...
In this masterclass, Dr. Andrea Pryce discusses the exciting field of senolytics and their role in longevity science. She explains the ...
Autophagy #Longevity #HealthyAging** Discover the incredible science behind **Autophagy and Longevity: Cellular Mechanisms ...
Explore how autophagy, the body's cellular renewal process, could hold the key to preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease, ...
Get The AI Career Survival Guide:https://technomics.gumroad.com/l/ai-survival-guide Futurist Ray Kurzweil predicts that by 2029, ...
Are people on GLP1 drugs already partway to longevity escape velocity? One researcher's estimate.
... like Ray Kerszswhil believe that by 2035 we will have reached longevity escape velocity where scientific advancements will add ...
Longevity Escape Velocity is near...
Writing a succinct few page introduction to present scientific thought on the driving mechanisms of aging and the present landscape of development of means of treating aging seems quite the tall order. The field is complex, aging is complex, much is in flux and important updates to present understanding arrive every fe...
After a review of substantial literature, scientists publishing in Aging Cell have concluded that poor sleep quality and inflammaging worsen each other in a vicious cycle, reducing quality of life and […]
Dr. Anna Lembke, MD, is chief of the Addiction Medicine Dual Diagnosis Clinic at Stanford and a leading expert in how to overcome addictions of all kinds. We discuss dopamine dynamics in the brain and how they impact risk-taking, mental obsession, and compulsive behaviors. We also discuss the most common addiction of a...
The dominant forms of cancer therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, induce senescence in cancer cells they cannot kill, as well as in non-cancerous cells exposed to the treatment. Entering the senescent state is a response to a high level of stress and damage that isn't sufficient to kill the cell. A senescent cancer ...
Rentosertib is a TNIK inhibitor developed by In Silico Medicine in the course of the company's efforts to find drugs that can affect aging, shown to be anti-fibrotic, and thus recently in a phase 2 trial for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, the researchers provide evidence from multiple proteomic a...
“My communication to patients is that the labs, even the most comprehensive labs, are giving you somewhere between 25-30ish percent of the complete information that we would want to create a comprehensive picture of your risk and manage it accordingly.”‒ Peter Attia The post #415 ‒ AMA #91: Understanding lab testing: w...
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
Alzheimers disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) are clinical disorders characterized by declines in cognitive function to levels at which everyday living is meaningfully impaired. Genetic variants may confer risk for AD/ADRD by way of steeper rates of aging-related cognitive declines or their association with lower ...
Fight Aging! publishes news and commentary relevant to the goal of ending all age-related disease, to be achieved by bringing the mechanisms of aging under the control of modern medicine. This weekly newsletter is sent to thousands of interested subscribers. To subscribe to the newsletter, please visit: https://www.fig...
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
We investigated—here’s what we found. The post Less protein, longer life? appeared first on Peter Attia MD .
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
Adult hypothalamic neural stem and progenitor cells (htNSCs) influence aging partly through exosome-associated microRNA (miRNA) cargo, yet how their miRNA targetome relates to hypothalamic aging remains unclear. We mapped htNSC-biased miRNAs onto miRTarBase to define a 1777-gene target union and tested whether gene-lev...
Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are ubiquitous components of the human virome whose replication is tightly regulated by host immunity. While elevated total TTV load has been associated with increased mortality in older adults, the clinical relevance of species-level virome composition remains unclear. We profiled the circul...
Do we need to fully understand aging, how exactly it works in fine detail, in order to create rejuvenation therapies that are effective enough to make the effort worthwhile? One would expect not, based on the present state of field, but also expect that the process of creating rejuvenation therapies should become ever ...
In a clinical trial, the supplement NOVOS Core was associated with significant improvements in artery function and systolic blood pressure. It is unknown which particular […]
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
A great many proteins and other molecules might be capable of mild geroprotective effects, slightly slowing aging, or slightly improving late life health. As a general rule, proposed mechanisms for potentially geroprotective effects found in the literature are usually correct. The open question is always the size of th...
Fatty liver disease, or at least the non-alcohol induced side of fatty liver disease, more properly known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is largely an outcome of obesity. Obesity is now known to promote an accelerated age-related accumulation of senescent cells in many tissues. It i...
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
Nature Aging, Published online: 06 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01277-x NAD + precursor fails in Parkinson’s disease
Nature Aging, Published online: 06 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01269-x Liang and colleagues show that, in mice, activated oocytes can persist for almost a year within ovarian secondary follicles by adopting a state of reduced biosynthetic and metabolic activity. Improved understanding of the mechanism that un...
Nature Aging, Published online: 06 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01253-5 Wu, Yang, Li and colleagues identify vanadyl sulfate, a dietary supplement, as a senolytic that targets altered cysteine reactivity in senescent cells, improving age-related conditions and extending lifespan in mice.
Cellular senescence and its associated secretory phenotype (SASP) represent a fundamental mechanism of biological aging. SASP-related inflammation has been implicated in cardiovascular disease. However, its role in perioperative risk in cardiac surgery remains largely unexplored, and established risk scores such as Eur...
Nuclear DNA structure determines which genes are transcribed into RNA. The molecules making up the machineries of transcription move around the nucleus to interact with every sequence of DNA they can reach. Regions of DNA that are spooled onto histone molecules and compacted are hidden, and those genes are thus silence...
This month has been marked by progress in both the regulatory and investment sides of rejuvenation biotechnology. For years, the field has faced two major challenges: scientific advances outpacing the regulatory […]
It is by now well established that senescent cells promote senescence in neighboring cells. This is a useful and necessary part of the benefits of the transient presence of senescent cells in the contexts of cancer suppression and coordination of wound healing. But when senescent cell clearance falters in later life, a...
In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Susanna Søberg, PhD, a metabolic scientist who trained at the University of Copenhagen and an expert in the effects of cold and heat exposure on human health. Dr. Søberg explains how brief, deliberate cold exposure improves insulin sensitivity, promotes metabolic...
Aging Cell, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2026.
Resistant hypertension (RH) is increasingly linked to accelerated vascular aging and is particularly prevalent among older and obese individuals. Cellular senescence has emerged as a potential driver of vascular aging, but its contribution to RH remains unclear. We examined age and body mass index (BMI) in the WalkByLa...
Motor lateralization, often expressed behaviorally as interlimb asymmetry, reflects distinct specializations of the dominant and nondominant motor systems. Although healthy aging has been associated with reduced motor lateralization, most previous studies have characterized this effect using coarse performance measures...
In older adult gait research, “healthy” often characterizes study samples yet is typically defined by absence of disease rather than by positive characterization. This matters beyond gait, because such samples anchor reference values, mobility thresholds, and estimates of age-related decline. This scoping review examin...
Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, continues to be investigated for hypothesized physiological, disease prevention, and longevity benefits, but few studies have been conducted in humans. Using US national organ transplant registry data, one of the largest real-world datasets examining chronic rapamycin exposure in humans, w...
Cellular senescence, a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, can result either from external stress and is then called stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), or from the exhaustion of cell division potential giving rise to replicative senescence (RS). Despite numerous biomarkers, distinguishing SIPS from RS remain...
Nature Aging, Published online: 04 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01271-3 Health questionnaires have the potential to facilitate early disease detection. However, differences in question wording and formats often prevent artificial intelligence (AI) models trained on one questionnaire from performing well on ano...
Nature Aging, Published online: 04 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01276-y Unblurring the menopause transition
Nature Aging, Published online: 04 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01260-6 Reyes et al. developed Quest2Dx, an AI model to screen Parkinson’s disease based on health questionnaires, identifying key predictors from the questions to provide a low-cost, non-invasive disease insight.
Companion dogs are a valuable source of translational discovery about the basic biology of aging because of their well-characterized genome, phenotypic variation in lifespan, aging, and disease profiles, and diverse environmental exposures shared with their human owners. The Dog Aging Project (DAP)’s prospective, longi...
Age-related loss of muscle and bone mass and increased adiposity contribute to frailty, disability, falls, and fractures. The hallmarks of aging framework provide a biological model to investigate mechanisms underlying body composition remodeling. However, whether hallmark-related biomarkers are associated with longitu...
A new study found that shrinking reserves of naive T cells weaken tumor recognition in male mice by middle age more than in females. Restoring thymic activity improved protection [1]. Do men lose anti-cancer defenses with […]
Lipids are spatially and dynamically organized—within organelles, across cell types and organs, and in response to microbial and dietary inputs. Disruption of this organization is a shared mechanism underlying pathological states, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. In this Voices pie...
Gut bacteria are established drivers of steatotic liver disease and liver cancer—gut fungi, much less so. Zhou et al. show that Rhizopus arrhizus promotes MASLD-associated liver cancer through kynurenic acid, a metabolite that bypasses its own surface receptors to engage the cytoplasmic scaffold IQGAP1.
Metformin is a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes in adults and children, but its efficacy varies significantly among patients. Zhao et al. identify microbial AdhE as a metformin-degrading enzyme in metformin low-responders and propose enzyme-based microbiome intervention as a strategy to rescue therapy.
Lactate has been recast from a waste product to a fuel and signaling molecule, yet why aggressive tumors invest so heavily in exporting it has remained unexplained. In a recent study in Molecular Cell, Wang et al. show that upon excess lactate production, AARS1 charges lactate onto tRNAs, generating dead-end lactyl-tRN...
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are rising stars for treating heart failure as first-line drugs, but the mechanism remains elusive. In a recent issue of Science, Forelli and colleagues show that SGLT2i bind directly to cardiac pantothenate kinase 1, boosting coenzyme A biosynthesis to support energy ...
Metabolic differences between cancer and normal cells are accentuated by the selection pressure of therapy. Persisting cells enter a therapy-induced state of heightened, time-limited metabolic dependency. We argue that this interval can be exploited with metabolic modifiers to achieve persister cell death and improve c...
Heat production in adipocytes can draw on parallel mechanisms. Hussain et al. examine how the futile creatine cycle operates alongside UCP1, connecting its molecular machinery and regulation to physiological thermogenesis. They discuss how this partnership informs efforts to understand and therapeutically recruit multi...
As the weather cools down, the race for functional interventions heats up, and members of our field have been looking for ways to push through bottlenecks both regulatory and scientific. Here’s […]
“Any injury you're dealing with is not a mandate to completely rest. It's not. It's a mandate to choose safer, more appropriately loaded and progressed exercises.”‒ Jeff Cavaliere The post #414 ‒ Resistance training as we age: optimizing exercise selection and training intensity for muscle growth, function, and injury ...
Nature Aging, Published online: 02 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01242-8 To address the technically challenging task of profiling the age-associated blood proteome in sample-limited mouse studies, the authors present a quantitative nanoparticle-based enrichment workflow coupled with data-independent acquisition...
Peer-reviewed study published in The Journal of surgical research (Lead: Schwab SP, PMID: 42743899). Investigates molecular aging mechanisms and translational longevity interventions in A Novel Ergonomic Grip Adaptor for Reducing Muscle Fatigue During Colonoscopy.
What autopsy studies can, and cannot, tell us about the risks of repetitive head impacts The post Who is actually at risk for CTE? appeared first on Peter Attia MD .
In a new study, late-life treatment with a three-element senolytic vaccine led to lower senescence markers and a 12% increase in median lifespan in female B6 mice. However, short-lived controls complicate the picture [1]. Helping the immune […]
In Aging Cell, researchers have described how increasing fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) in astrocytes reduces aging throughout the bodies of mice. A factor from a […]
In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Noam Sobel, PhD, a Professor of Neurobiology at the Weizmann Institute of Science and an expert on the human sense of smell. We discuss how the brain processes odors and how smell shapes our lives more than we realize, influencing everything from who we become fr...
How to train for lasting strength—and keep doing what you love as you age. The post A longevity playbook for building strength and muscle mass appeared first on Peter Attia MD .
Nature Aging, Published online: 29 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01245-5 Mammalian oocytes undergo prolonged meiotic arrest during which sister chromatids are linked by cohesin complexes. Cohesion deterioration during aging results in aneuploidy. Here, Iisaka, Yoshida et al. identify OMC1 as an oocyte-specific p...
BackgroundFalls are common and costly among people living with Dementia (PLwD). Keep on Keep up (KOKU) is a UK National Health Service (NHS) approved tablet-based, digital gamified programme with strength and balance exercises and health literacy games, designed with and for older people at risk of falls. KOKU-LITE is ...
A recent study identified SRSF1, an RNA-processing and splicing factor, as a molecule with geroprotective potential. Inducing SRSF1 expression rejuvenated […]
One of the oldest and biggest longevity conferences moved this year across the Atlantic, from Copenhagen to Boston. The new location brought ARDD close to several important longevity hubs and might […]
Life Biosciences (“Life Bio”), a biotechnology company pioneering cellular rejuvenation medicines to reverse diseases of aging, announced interim data from its Phase 1 clinical trial of ER-100 in three participants with open angle glaucoma (OAG). The data demonstrated that […]
Ross Edgley is a British ultra-endurance athlete and author known for completing extraordinary athletic feats by tapping into diverse sources of motivation and resilience. We discuss the psychological and biological forces that allow people to persevere through extreme challenges. Then we cover how to dynamically updat...
“What is an emotion? It's a set of predictions that tells a story about what a set of sensory signals mean to you in that situation.”‒ Lisa Feldman Barrett The post #413 ‒ The neuroscience of emotion: challenging conventional theories of emotion, how the brain predicts and constructs our experiences, and gaining greate...
A phase III trial for personalized melanoma vaccination foreshadows a new era of cancer treatment The post Personalized medicine comes to cancer immunotherapy appeared first on Peter Attia MD .
In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how to develop a rational supplementation protocol tailored to your specific needs, nutrition and budget. I discuss foundational supplements and single-ingredient supplements for sleep, hormone support and cognitive enhancement and focus, including how to test individu...
I read with great interest the recent paper by Petersen et al. from Klein’s group on the effects of weight loss induced by diets of differing macronutrient composition on metabolic function in individuals with metabolically unhealthy obesity.1 I would like to commend the authors for their meticulous and well-executed f...
Petersen et al.1 conducted a tightly controlled randomized feeding trial to evaluate whether diets with markedly different macronutrient composition modify metabolic responses to approximately 10% matched weight loss. The study provides important evidence that the assigned dietary patterns produced different hepatic me...
We thank Faidon Magkos and André Marques Fernandes Silva for their insightful comments regarding our study. We appreciate Dr. Magkos’ support of the design and execution of our study. As noted by Magkos, a common limitation of diet studies is ensuring compliance with the prescribed diets and studying participants when ...
ObjectiveTo determine whether plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are elevated in hospitalised patients with delirium relative to patients with dementia and primary psychiatric disorders (PPD). Methods and analysisThis was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at ...
Dr. Jared Diamond, PhD, is a Pulitzer Prize-winning author, physiologist, evolutionary biologist and Professor at UCLA. We discuss the surprising and often chance events that shaped human history and leadership in politics, religion, business and athletics. As one of the most influential public-facing scholars of the l...
“The idea that cancer metabolically is different from normal cells, is a potential way to treat cancers. We know that there are second line and third line therapies in certain cancers that will truly expand your lifespan.”‒ Sid Mukherjee The post #412 ‒ The evolving science of cancer: emerging approaches to prevention ...
Biological aging, the decline in physiological resilience that increases our vulnerability to disease and death as we grow older, can be measured from standard clinical-laboratory panels. Measurement of biological aging from laboratory data embedded in electronic health records (EHRs) could enhance precision healthcare...
ObjectiveTo examine the association between patient-reported shared decision-making (SDM) and documented advance care planning (ACP) among adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), and to assess whether this association differed between adults with and without ADRD. DesignRetrospective observational s...
ObjectivesTo evaluate change in physical function and probable sarcopenia following a 36-week community multicomponent exercise programme (Vivifrail model) across two consecutive cycles, and to assess the consistency of this change between cohorts. Study designQuasi-experimental, single-arm, repeated-measures service e...
BackgroundEmerging evidence has linked frailty to individual chronic diseases, but whether it predicts a broad disease spectrum and accelerates multimorbidity accumulation over time remains unknown. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the associations of physical frailty with the burden of incident disease acro...
In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Matthew MacDougall, a neurosurgeon at Neuralink. We discuss how brain-machine interfaces could help people with paralysis control computers using their intended movements, and how robotic surgery enables the placement of tiny electrodes in the brain. We also expl...
Hearing loss is increasingly recognised as more than a disorder of communication. It is associated with cognitive decline, depression, social isolation, reduced physical functioning, and other adverse outcomes related to ageing. Whether hearing loss is also a marker—or potentially a contributor—to reduced longevity has...
The IPD meta-analysis and Norwegian NTHLS confirmed that increasing severity of hearing loss is significantly associated with higher mortality risk. Use of hearing aids was associated with reduced mortality risk. The potential link between hearing-aid use, other forms of hearing rehabilitation, and increased life expec...
On Sept 21, 2026, Alzheimer's Disease International released its annual World Alzheimer Report. The theme of this year’s report is “A new era in dementia clinical trials” with a focus on examining the status of and demystifying clinical trials in the field. This focus is timely–as the report highlights, the number of d...
Across diverse cultural contexts, stronger social connection is consistently associated with higher baseline intrinsic capacity, particularly in cognitive and psychological domains. By contrast, we found no clear evidence that baseline social connection predicted differential rates of intrinsic capacity decline over fo...
Dr. Scott Kanoski, PhD, is a Professor of Human and Evolutionary Biology and Neurobiology at the University of Southern California. We discuss how different foods impact memory and cognitive function as well as cravings. We also discuss how GLP-1 drugs work to control hunger in the brain and body, the role of the gut m...
“I've been around many really, really great scientists. And one of the characteristics they all have in common is they're not married to a particular thesis being right. They're married to getting things as right as possible and reducing uncertainty by following the data wherever those data take them.”‒ Peter Attia The...
Cholinesterase inhibitors have been a mainstay of Alzheimer’s treatment for decades. How much cognitive function do they preserve, and what does that mean for patients? The post How much do symptomatic treatments for Alzheimer’s disease help? appeared first on Peter Attia MD .
More recently born Europeans aged 50 years and older are in better health and show slower declines in intrinsic capacity compared with previous generations. However, these positive trends are unequally distributed and could be reaching a ceiling. Policy makers cannot assume that these trends will continue. The improvin...
BackgroundOlder adults living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimers disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) and their care partners face substantial daily challenges that evolve with disease progression and extend far beyond the clinical setting, including symptom management, care coordination, healthcare ...
In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Elissa Epel, PhD, a Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). We discuss how acute and chronic stress affect the body and brain, including their links to cellular aging and mitochondrial health. We also...
BackgroundFrailty is a prominent risk factor for dementia. Early detection of at-risk individuals may enable intervention to prevent or slow dementia pathology. Blood-based biomarker discovery could offer a path for early detection of frailty and cognitive decline. MethodsOlder adults at risk of dementia underwent comp...
In adults aged 60 years or older, RSVpreF vaccination reduced hospitalisations for RSV-related respiratory tract disease with no statistical evidence of effect modification by immunosuppression status; however, the study was not powered to exclude subgroup differences. Given the higher baseline risk of RSV-related hosp...
Dr. Beth Shapiro, PhD, is an evolutionary biologist and Chief Science Officer at Colossal Biosciences. Her work focuses on de-extinction and wildlife conservation efforts. We discuss genetic differences among humans, and how ancient DNA and modern embryology are being used to de-extinct and protect woolly mammoths, dod...
Study objectivesAging is associated with increased sleep complaints and changes in sleep architecture, microstructure and rest-activity rhythms. Meditation-based interventions have shown benefits on subjective sleep quality, but their effects on objective sleep parameters remain largely underexplored. This study invest...
Peer-reviewed study published in Experimental gerontology (Lead: Prabhu NM, PMID: 42562172). Investigates molecular aging mechanisms and translational longevity interventions in Response-optimised training improves learning of a complex motor task and closely related motor tasks.
Cancer-specific and all-cause mortality rates were elevated among individuals with cancer and dementia. As treatments continue to improve survival outcomes for people with cancer and dementia, clinical guidelines for cancer screening and treatment in individuals living with dementia should be developed.
Sarcopenia remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, partly because it continues to be mainly conceptualised as a disorder intrinsic to skeletal muscle. Although current definitions incorporate muscle strength and physical performance, they are not intended to explain the integrated physiological processes that underlie...
Peer-reviewed study published in Lasers in medical science (Lead: Zhang S, PMID: 42771184). Investigates molecular aging mechanisms and translational longevity interventions in Clinical effectiveness of Er, Cr: YSGG laser compared with conventional rotary instrumentation for caries removal in primary teeth: a randomize...
Prevention to novel treatments ensured the whole continuum of care was covered at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) July 12-16, London, UK
Climate change and population ageing are converging global trends that pose profound challenges for health systems. Older adults are disproportionately vulnerable to climate-related hazards because of physiological ageing, multimorbidity, frailty, cognitive impairment, functional limitations, and polypharmacy. Yet, alt...
Peer-reviewed study published in PloS one (Lead: Wang P, PMID: 42585167). Investigates molecular aging mechanisms and translational longevity interventions in DELTA: Strengthening human biological resilience with an N=1 digital health and dynamic biomarker protocol.